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ISO 2566: A Guide to Steel Conversion of Elongation Values

If you are working with steel, you may have encountered the term ISO 2566. But what does it mean and why is it important? In this article, we will explain what ISO 2566 is, how it works, and how you can get it for free. We will also provide some examples and benefits of using ISO 2566 for steel conversion of elongation values.

What is ISO 2566 and why is it important?

ISO 2566 is a standard that specifies the method of converting room temperature percentage elongations after fracture obtained on various proportional and non-proportional gauge lengths to other gauge lengths. Elongation is the increase in length of a material under tension and is a measure of the ductility of the material. Ductility is the ability of a material to deform plastically without breaking. It is an important property for steel, as it affects its strength, toughness, weldability, and formability.

ISO 2566 consists of two parts: ISO 2566-1 for carbon and low-alloy steels, and ISO 2566-2 for austenitic steels. These two types of steels have different mechanical properties and behavior, so they require different formulas and conversion factors for elongation values. ISO 2566 provides a reliable and consistent way of comparing elongation values obtained from different test methods, test pieces, or test conditions.

ISO 2566-1: Carbon and low-alloy steels

Scope and application

ISO 2566-1 applies to carbon, carbon manganese, molybdenum, and chromium molybdenum steels within the tensile strength range of 300 N/mm to 700 N/mm. These steels are commonly used for structural, engineering, automotive, and machinery applications. ISO 2566-1 covers steels in the hot-rolled, hot-rolled and normalized or annealed conditions, with or without tempering. These conversions are not applicable to cold reduced steels, quenched and tempered steels, or austenitic steels. They are also not applicable when the gauge length exceeds or where the width to thickness ratio of the test piece exceeds 20.

Basic formula and conversion factors

The basic formula for converting elongation values from one gauge length to another is:

$\Large A_{L_2}=\frac{A_{L_1}}{1+\frac{A_{L_1}}{100}\left(\frac{L_2}{L_1}-1\right)k}$

where:

A_L₂ is the percentage elongation after fracture on gauge length L₂
A_L₁ is the percentage elongation after fracture on gauge length L₁
L₂ is the final gauge length after fracture on gauge length L<sub 1
L₁ is the original gauge length before fracture on gauge length L₁
k is the conversion factor, which depends on the steel type, tensile strength, and test condition

The conversion factor k can be obtained from tables or graphs provided in ISO 2566-1. Alternatively, it can be calculated from the following formula:

$\Large k=\frac{R_m}{1000}\left(0.5+0.25\log_{10}\frac{R_m}{1000}\right)$

where R_m is the tensile strength in N/mm.

Examples and benefits

To illustrate how ISO 2566-1 works, let us consider an example. Suppose we have a carbon steel with a tensile strength of 500 N/mm and an elongation of 20% on a 50 mm gauge length. We want to convert this elongation value to a 5.65√S₀ gauge length, where S₀ is the original cross-sectional area of the test piece. Assuming S₀ is 100 mm, the 5.65√S₀ gauge length is 56.5 mm.

We can use the formula above to calculate the conversion factor k:

$\Large k=\frac{500}{1000}\left(0.5+0.25\log_{10}\frac{500}{1000}\right)=0.35$

Then, we can use the formula to convert the elongation value from 50 mm to 56.5 mm:

$\Large A_{56.5}=\frac{20}{1+\frac{20}{100}\left(\frac{56.5}{50}-1\right)0.35}=18.9\%$

The elongation value on the 5.65√S₀ gauge length is 18.9%.

The benefit of using ISO 2566-1 is that it allows us to compare elongation values obtained from different test methods, test pieces, or test conditions in a consistent and reliable way. This can help us evaluate the ductility and performance of different steels and select the most suitable one for our application.